Creational design patterns

Factory

Provides an interface to create objects. Rather than creating new objects using new keyword, we ask the factory to create and return them for us. 

Factory in JavaScript : method1 (addyosmani) and method2 (carldanley)

Builder

http://www.oodesign.com/builder-pattern.html

Lazy initialization

Creation is deferred until it is first used. Useful for complex objects. 

C# : http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd997286%28v=vs.110%29.aspx

Object pool

Useful when cost of initializing a class instance is very high.  Therefore when requester requires an instance, he can get one of already created instance.

Prototype




Singleton 

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/327955/does-functional-programming-replace-gof-design-patterns?rq=1